EF3/4 Adjective clauses

SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
adverb clauses
adjective clauses
noun clauses


ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

adjectives modify nouns
adjective - colour, size, age, shape, opinion

day (noun)
cloudy (adj)
chilly (adj)

Today is a cloudy, chilly day.

Today is Friday, and it is a cloudy, chilly day. COMPOUND

COMPLEX - adjective clause
who that which

Today which is Friday is a cloudy, chilly day.

The new iphone XS came out already. SIMPLE
The new iphone XS which costs $1500 came out already.

who - people
Jane's sister who is a nurse lives in Burnaby.
Jane's sister who lives in Burnaby is a nurse.

My daughter who is 15 loves to draw.
My daughter who loves to draw is 15.

main clause - most important
subordinate clause - less important

who - people
that - people, things that not alive, animals
which - things that are not alive, unique things (only one)

The dog that has white paws and a black nose is very cute.
The dog which has white paws and a black nose is very cute. XXX

The dog who has white paws and a black nose is very cute. XXX

The bicycle which is chained to the fence is mine.

The water bottle that is on the table is leaking.

Ottawa that/which is the capital of Canada is a small city.

The quiz that we wrote today was not too difficult.

The dress that you are wearing is really nice.

Zita's father who is retired is a very nice man.

May's house which/that is on Knight Street is for sale.
May's house that is on Knight Street is for sale.
SOUNDS LIKE SHE OWNS SEVERAL HOUSES

Beijing which/that is the capital of China is a huge city.
The small town which/that I come from has 15000 people in it.

MOST IMPORTANT
who that which


whom Forget it! Not important.

whose - possession, own something

Whose pencil is this?
The person whose car alarm is going off should go turn it off. - the person owns the alarm

The little boy whose dog is lost is very worried. 
- the boy owns the dog


The old man who is running in the park is my uncle.

adjectives come before the noun "old man"
adjective clauses come after the noun "man who is running"

adjective clauses

SV that is, who is, which is

The man who is standing by the tree is my friend.

The girl who has red hair is really nice.

I have a dog that has floppy ears.


The girl who has red hair is really nice.

The girl who I was talking to is really nice.

The girl whom I was talking to is really nice.

subject pronoun - who  
object pronoun - whom, who


whom - very formal, not usually used, use 'who' instead


To whom it may concern,