EF2/3 Adverb clauses

7. Tom will have no money unless Jack gives him ten dollars.
Tom had no money until Jack gave him ten dollars. COMPLEX
Tom had no money, so Jack gave him ten dollars. COMPOUND

8.Kelley and Tim ate supper while they listened to music on the radio.
While Kelley and Tim ate supper, they listened to music on the radio.

9.If we want to be on time, we must leave right now.
Because we want to be on time, we must leave right now.
Since we want to be on time, we must leave right now.
We want to be on time, so we must leave right now. COMPOUND

10. She began to speak to the group even though she was interrupted by a loud noise.

When she began to speak to the group, she was interrupted by a loud noise.

11. We put on our best clothes after before we went to the party.
We put on our best clothes when we went to the party.
When we went to the party, we put on our best clothes .
We put on our best clothes because we went to the party.

After we put on our best clothes, we went to the party,

We will put on our best clothes if we go to the party.

12. Unless Karen gets a paycheque, she won't be able to buy groceries.
Until Karen gets a paycheque, she won't be able to buy groceries.

Before Karen gets a paycheque, she won't be able to buy groceries.

After Karen gets a paycheque, she will be able to buy groceries.

If Karen gets a paycheque, she will be able to buy groceries.

When Karen gets a paycheque, she will be able to buy groceries.

13. When I look at my mother's photograph, I feel homesick.
When I feel homesick, I look at my mother's photograph.
While I feel homesick, I look at my mother's photograph.
I feel homesick because I look at my mother's photograph.
If I feel homesick, I look at my mother's photograph.
If I look at my mother's photograph, I will feel homesick.

14. The police followed the green car because they thought it belonged to a drug dealer.
Since the police thought the green car belonged to a drug dealer, they followed it. NOUN FIRST, THEN PRONOUN

15. If you come live with me next year, I'll help you find a job.

EF2/3 Adverb clause exercises

3. Because it was a beautiful sunny afternoon, they decided to go shopping.
If it is a beautiful sunny afternoon, they will decide to go shopping.
Since it was a beautiful sunny afternoon, they decided to go shopping.
They decided to go shopping because it was a beautiful sunny afternoon.
They decided to go shopping since it was a beautiful sunny afternoon.
They decided to go shopping even though it was a beautiful sunny afternoon.

They decided to go shopping although it was a beautiful sunny afternoon.

4. He turned off the TV because the show was boring.
5. He turned off the TV even though the show was exciting.

even if // even though

even if = maybe yes, maybe no

Even if it rains, we will still go skiing.

If it rains, we will cancel our skiing.

Even if you apologize to her, she will not go to your party.

If you apologize to her, she will go to your party.

Even though you apologized to her, she will not go to your party.

EF 2/3 Adverb clauses

when/while?
When the phone rang, I answered it.
She watched TV while he cooked supper.
We are at SHEC while our kids are in their school.

whenever = any time, every time

You can come over whenever you want.
Whenever somebody comes to the door, the dog starts barking.

before
You can come to my house before 10 o'clock.
adverb clause- S+V
You can come to my house before I leave.

The kids did their homework before supper.
The kids did their homework before they had supper.

until
I waited for a long time until the bus came.

although, even though, though - same meaning
I turned off the TV although the program was very interesting.
Even though it is very cold today, I still go have a walk.
It is very cold today. I still go have a walk, though. DIFFERENCE SENTENCE STYLE

Though he studied hard, he still failed the test. CASUAL
Although he studied hard, he still failed the test. 
Even though he studied hard, he still failed the test.
He studied hard. He still failed the test, though. DIFFERENT SENTENCE STYLE

'While' means two things happening at the same time.
'Until' means waiting for something to happen.
I watched TV until my kids got home.
Until my kids got home, I watched TV. SOUNDS UNUSUAL

unless
She won't go to your party unless you apologize to her.
Unless you pay your gas bill, they will cut off the gas to your house.

Your English will not improve unless you speak regularly.

Something bad will happen unless you do something.

since- because- reason, why
She can't come to school since it's too cold to go out.
since- time
She has lived in Vancouver since 1998.
She has lived in Vancouver since she was 18.

as... as...
He can run as fast as you (can).
She is as tall as her mother (is).
Vancouver is as cold as Seattle (is).

English 12 Sentence Combining "Magic Words"

1. Words seem to have magic power to control our behaviour.
Words seem to have magical power that can control our behaviour.

2. Some words are vulgar and profane, some cause blushes, and some create occasionally embarrassing or humourous situations.

Although some words are vulgar and profane and cause blushes, some create embarrassing but occasionally humourous situations.

3. Some angry, insulting words result in physical conflicts; some words generate tensions that sometimes lead to wars.
While some angry, insulting words result in physical conflicts, some words generate tensions that sometimes lead to wars.

4. Some religious words bind people solemnly together in legal marriage; conversely, other words separate people through divorce, nullifying marriage vows.

5. Some abstract word become cause that men die for.

6. Still other words are tender and help people to overcome loneliness and show love.

English 12 "No Desk Job for Me"

http://www.cbc.ca/thesundayedition/documentaries/2014/06/15/younger-women-in-trades/

EF2/3 Phrasal verbs websites

http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/phrasal-verbs-list.htm

http://www.learn-english-today.com/phrasal-verbs/phrasal-verb-list.htm

EF2/3 Simple and compound

1. My daughter will get married, so I will buy her a gold necklace.
get married

golden (a)

She likes to wear gold rings.
She likes to wear a gold ring.
She likes to wear her grandmother's gold ring.

She has gold hair.
She has blonde hair.
She dyes her hair blonde/ platinum blonde/ .

Your hair is brown colour.

Michelle loves to ski, but her sister prefers snowboarding.

skate - boots with sharp skate blades
rollerblades- boots with wheels (inline)
roller skates- boots with wheels


ski- on snow, wear skis
ski poles

snowboarding- one big wide ski

famous (adj) well-known (a)
Norman Bethune is not that famous in Canada, but he is very well-known in China.

South Hill is not well-known in China, but it is quite well-known in Vancouver.

word-of-mouth (n)
We get new students mostly by word-of-mouth.

Main Street/Gladstone AE, Gathering Place AE

$550 per class

English 12 Using Quotations

using quotations

Here are some key points to remember when using quotations:

1)   Incorporate quotations into your sentences.

2)   Keep quotations to a few words.  Quotations are like salt in food: a little bit gives flavour; too much ruins the dish.

3)   Use quoted material to support your points.

4)   Don’t use too many quotations.  Pick two or three quotations to support your brainstormed points and leave the rest.

5)   Make sure the quoted material is exactly as written in the story.  Use … and [] to make minor grammatical or stylistic changes.

6)   Avoid repeating quotations. It’s like dental floss.

7)   After quoting material, go on to explain why the quotation is relevant.

8)   Avoid ending paragraphs with quotations.

English 12 Using Quotions Marks

Using quotation marks " "
1. direct speech
He said, "Thank you."
My mother always told me, "Be nice to animals."
My mother always told me to be nice to animals.

2. titles
Inside Stories III
Inside Stories III italics
Inside Stories III NOT BOTH XXX

"The Painted Door" part of a book, chapter
"Prelude to Jumping in the River"

3. verbal irony- air quotes

4. incorporating quoted material into our sentences

COPIED DOWN WHOLE SENTENCES
"Waiting, I have missed the jump, the perfect, reckless moment when we cannot turn back."

orphan

INCORPORATE OUR QUOTATIONS
choosing some useful phrases from the text
READING TECHNIQUE

The narrator is regretful that she "missed the jump" due to her excessive hesitation.
INCORPORATED QUOTED MATERIAL INTO MY SENTENCE

She understands that at the "perfect, reckless moment" when she should have made her decision to jump, she was paralyzed by her indecisiveness. 

GRAMMATICAL
She understands that when she should have made her decision to jump, she was paralyzed by her indecisiveness: "perfect, reckless moment".  NO GOOD, NOT A SENTENCE

She seems to understand that she "cannot turn back" and have another opportunity to make the decision.
INCORPORATED


EXTRA TECHNIQUES

... ellipsis
[ ] square brackets


She learns that she can jump or not jump, but "never both at once."

The poem tells us that we must "jump or retreat" rather than remain indecisive.
The poem tells us that we must "jump or retreat".

Our paralysis about making an important decision in life "could last years" unless we resolve one way or the other.

When something important is "at stake", we are reluctant to make a final choice in case we choose the wrong way.

The pressure of having to make the right decision on an important issue will "give us pause."

E12 Notes for writing a paragraph

answer the question that is asked

          address the question directly

          Was the questions. “What do you think the poem means?”

-        plan first

-        begin with a topic sentence

mirror the writing prompt, either by using same key words, or by using synonyms

-        incorporate quotations

Topic sentence: topic, controlling idea

Discuss the jump in “Prelude to Jumping in the River” as a metaphor for making important decisions.

discuss- talk about, write about

“the jump” which jump? jump taken by the guy, jump not taken by the narrator

first person- internal, tension about decision

metaphor- direct comparison- jump direct comparison to making a decision

important decision- jump river, dangerous, drown consequences, careful

decision – make decision to jump or decide to not jump

narrator doesn’t make a decision – hesitate

be decisive, don’t waffle, don’t sit on the fence

GRABBER

“strike while the iron is hot”

“look before you leap”

“she who hesitates is lost”

People always tell us to look before we leap. They also tell us that if we hesitate, we will be lost. So Therefore, / Accordingly, when we make important decisions, although we must be thoughtful/ mindful/ careful/ cautious, untimately, we must make the decision. The jump in “Prelude to Jumping in the River” is a an apt/ prescient/ compelling metaphor for this kind of decision making process.

NOTES FOR BODY OF PARAGRAPH

- guy who jumps, made a decision

-narrator who is unable to make the decision

Conclusion

-poem tells us to grab our opportunities when we can and not let them slip away

- or at least to actively decide to quit/ forego/ give up- still make a decision

EF2/3 Compound sentences

1. husband
S    V                               ,SOBA     S  V  .
I left my husband in Iran, and I came to Canada.
My husband is a chef, but he never cooks at home.

cooker
cook- regular, everyday restaurant
chef- fancy, expensive, more skilled

server- waitress, waiter
Nowadays, we don't use gendered terms.

steward, stewardess- flight attendant

porter- port- move transportation, portable, port
airport

terminal- end point

a bus terminal, the ferry terminal

a terminal sickness- you will die
"Don't buy any green bananas."
"Don't go to Costco."
"Don't open a new tube of toothpaste."

bellboy

2. flower
My wife plants flowers, but I don't like to grow flowers.

The flowers are beautiful, so I would like to buy some a bunch / a dozen/ a bouquet of them for my family.

corsage boutonniere

showy = fancy looking

EF2/3 compound sentences

, SOBA
, FANBOYS
; XXX,

1. school
We go to school, and we study English.
We go to school; we study English.
We like studying English; therefore, we go to school.

EF2/3 Greeting cards

Greeting for a card:
Warm wishes.
All the best.
Good luck.
Congratulations.
Happy birthday.
Best regards.
Best of luck.
Thanks. Thank you.
My condolences.
Happy Mothers' Day
To the best mother in the world
Sorry to hear that your grandmother got hit by a truck.
Euphemism = die passed away, passed over, is gone, dropped dead


Happy Holidays!
Merry Christmas.
Merry Xmas.
X = cross

Happy New Years.
Season's greetings.

Cheers!

EF2/3 Verb Tense

present past future

1. She will be the youngest one there.
She is going to be the youngest one there.
2. Those pillows felt very soft.
3. The fire will burn throughout the night.

throughout- during the whole time
The teenagers in front of me talked throughout the whole movie.

threw out
I threw out the garbage today.

4. I usually walk with you to the next corner.

5. That movie got better after the first half-hour.

6. army, air force, navy

7. fits the description = looks like
suspect = the person that the police are looking for

8. up the river/ down the river

9. bark = woof , won

10. Tony thinks about her all the time.

11. We were in town for the holidays.
"the holidays" = Xmas and New Years

12. 

EF2/3 Infinitive gerund verb quiz

1. like eat
She likes to eat Japanese food.
He likes eating fruit.
I like to eat banana.

2. love see
She loves to see the old family photographs.

He watched a movie.
He looks at a movie. XX

3. hate drive
I hate to drive in the snow.
I love to walk in the rain.
I hate to drive on a snowy day.
She likes to go for a walk on a rainy day.
We go for a picnic on a sunny day.

cloudy windy foggy misty chilly 

The dog was shivering.


on a misty day
We got lost on the foggy day last week.
I remember foggy days when I was a kid.

4. prefer go
She would prefer to go downtown.
She would prefer to go downtown first.
She prefers to go downtown.

would- modal / modal auxiliary


I would prefer to go to California for our vacation.
I prefer to go to California for our vacation.

5. begin walk
The kids began to walk to school at 8:15.
The kids started to walk to school at 8:15.
The kids begin to walk to school at 8:15 everyday.
The kids start to walk to school at 8:15 every morning.


MODALS
can, may, might, could, should, would, shall, will, 

can + to go
You can go to the store.
We can go
She can go
I can go



She can go to Burnaby.
She can go to Richmond.
She can go to Metrotown.
She can go home. NO "to"
She can go downtown. NO "to"

She can go to her sister's home.
Just "home", no "to".
They went home.

6. continue live
We will continue to live in BC.
We continued to live in BC.
We continue to live in BC.

Eng12 14 Benefits of reading

English 12 Lifetime Reading Habits

http://www.lifehack.org/articles/featured/14-ways-to-cultivate-a-lifetime-reading-habit.html

English 12 Literary Terms

http://www.sd83.bc.ca/~hleask/English12/Terms%20to%20Know.pdf

EF2/3 Task 3

1. He wanted the apartment. I wanted the house.
He wanted the apartment; I wanted the house.
He wanted the apartment; however, I wanted the house.
He wanted the apartment; nevertheless, I wanted the house.
He wanted the apartment, but I wanted the house.
He wanted the apartment; still, I wanted the house.

still-

2. She talked, and we listened.
She talked; meanwhile, we listened.

She talked; therefore, we listened.

3. He doesn't drink wine, but he drinks beer.
He doesn't drink wine; still, he drinks beer.

He doesn't drink wine; nevertheless, he drinks beer.

He doesn't drink wine; however, he drinks beer.

Beer before wine- feel fine.

Wine before beer- feel queer.

Don't mix your drinks. You may get a hangover.

EF2/3 Compound sentences- semicolons

STYLES OF COMPOUND SENTENCES
It is raining, so she is carrying an umbrella.
It is raining; she is carrying an umbrella.

It is raining; therefore, she is carrying an umbrella.

, so = ; therefore,

THREE DIFFERENT WAYS, ALL GOOD WAYS, SAME MEANING

therefore

The bus was late today; therefore, I was late for work.

She isn't good at playing piano; therefore, she has to practice more.

however

It is raining; however, we went for a walk in the park.

still

It is raining; still, we went for a walk in the park.

nevertheless

It is raining; nevertheless, we went for a walk in the park.

It is raining, but we went for a walk in the park.

also

She plays tennis; also, she goes skiing.

She plays tennis, and she goes skiing.

furthermore

She plays tennis; furthermore, she goes skiing.

meanwhile

She was fixing the car; meanwhile, he was baking cookies.

at the same time

She was fixing the car; at the same time, he was baking cookies.

We are in school right now; meanwhile, our kids are also in school.

otherwise

I hope it stops raining; otherwise, we won't be able to have our barbecue.

if not

I hope it stops raining; if not, we won't be able to have our barbecue.

unfortunately

She won the lottery; unfortunately, her dog ate the ticket.

fortunately

She thought her dog ate the ticket; fortunately, it was in her purse all the time.


conjunctive adverbs semicolon exercises

eslcafe.com
eslgold.com

English 12 Story to read for Monday http://www.giuliotortello.it/shortstories/boys_and_girls.pdf

http://www.giuliotortello.it/shortstories/boys_and_girls.pdf

E12 Phrasal verbs

http://www.learn-english-today.com/phrasal-verbs/phrasal-verbs_A.html

EF2/3 Compound sentences and run-on sentences

The dog is running. The cat is sleeping.
The dog is running, and the cat is sleeping.
The dog is running, but the cat is sleeping.

The dog is running the cat is sleeping. run-on sentence
, SOBA

1. Jack bought a pair of earrings. Jill gave me a matching necklace.

Jack bought a pair of earrings, and Jill gave me a matching necklace.

Jack bought a pair of earrings Jill gave me a matching necklace. XX

Jack bought a pair of earrings, Jill gave me a matching necklace. XX

2. I was very hungry. I went to the kitchen to make a sandwich.

I was very hungry, so I went to the kitchen to make a sandwich. COMPOUND SENTENCE

3. She applied for the job. They hired someone else.

 She applied for the job, but they hired someone else.

 She applied for the job, yet they hired someone else.

but = yet Fancy word

Supper isn't ready yet. TIME

Are you finished? Not yet. TIME

4. Do you want to go over to Jim's house? Would you rather stay here?

Do you want to go over to Jim's house, or would you rather stay here?

You can stay here rather than going to Jim's house.

You can do one or the other. You have a choice. You can choose.

5. He was ready to leave, but something told him to stay a little longer.

something tells me.... I have a feeling 

Something tells me that my sister is going to call me tonight.

I have a feeling that my sister is going to call me.

make a prediction based on your feeling/ instinct

I had a feeling that... 

I have a feeling that he is not telling the truth.

Something tells me that he is not telling the truth.

Something is a little fishy about him. I have my doubts about him. I don't really trust this guy.

You have to go with your gut feeling.

heart-