EF45 Class 34

 

Good morning, everyone.

We will get started at 12:00

 

Today’s agenda

·      Review modals – practice

You sent some examples for homework.

·      Begin noun clauses

·      Continue short story- “Literary Terms”

·      “Roses Sing on New Snow”

 

Thursday

·      Continue noun clauses

·      “Roses Sing on New Snow”

 

Friday

·      Quiz4- noun clauses

·      Listening fun exercise- Listen to a song and listen for lyrics.

·       

 

Monday

·      Business writing?

·      Presentation Project

 

Tuesday

·      Business writing

·      Presentation Project

 

Wednesday

·      Business writing

·      Presentation Project

 

Monday, June 24

·      Optional replacement quiz or test- I will explain this in detail next week

·       

 

Wednesday, June 26, final day

·      Marks day, non-instruction day

·      One-on-one meetings

 

 

 

 

Verb tense work and modals/modal auxilairies

 

1.    Maria has finished doing the homework. present perfect

2.    She can play the piano very well. can-ability

3.    He must finish his dinner if you want to go to the park. modal

4.    Can you call me next week? 

5.    Might Can/May I borrow your car? might – too formal for authentic English, grammarbook English

6.    We must work every Saturday.

 

modal + infinitive – ‘to’

must + to work

 

7.    You should go to the doctor if you're sick. should-advice

Don’t should me!

You must go to the doctor.

You have to go to the doctor.

You have got to go to the doctor.

 

8.    Shall we go to the soccer game next week?

shall – very formal invitation, not often used

9.    They have served meals to the homeless every weekend.

10.                       They served meals to the homeless every night.

 

past perfect- started and finished in the past

 

I have lived had lived /lived in the US for four years. Now I am in Canada.

I was living in the US for a few years. CASUAL, TALKING

PAST PROGRESSIVE- interruption, something else happened

I was living in the US when Trump was president.

I was living in Beijing before I immigated to Canada.

I had been living in Beijing before I immigated to Canada.

had been living- past perfect progressive- GRAMMAR BOOK

 

 

 

11.                       She has been serving meals to the homeless for 10 years.

12.                       I serve meals to the homeless every day.

13.                       She will serve to the homeless this weekend.

14.                       I have got to improve my English in order to live in Vancouver.

15.                       I should change my shoes.

16.                       May I say something?

17.                       I lost my phone. It might be in my car.

18.                       I must follow my teacher in the class.

19.                       Shall we send you an email? Can I send you an email? Should I send you an email?

20.                       Could you please correct my sentences?

 

Good work! Keep going.

 

Noun Clauses- next kind of clause

 

Review of sentence styles:

1.    Simple        SV   SSV   SVV   SSVV   Imperative   Interrogative

2.    Compound          SV, SOBA SV.   FANBOYS SOBA! More practical.

SV; SV.

SV; TRANS, SV.  

      3. Complex    -adverb clauses

-noun clauses- this week

-adjective clauses – next week

 

We will stay at the park; until, it gets dark. XXX

We will stay at the park until it gets dark.

whereas She is very friendly and gregarious whereas her husband is a stick in the mud.

IDIOM a stick in the mud- not friendly, not fun, boring

 

Those are all the sentence styles that you will need. There are derivations on these basic styles, but these three styles of sentences are the foundations for all writing.

These are the absolute basic skills that you must have down cold.

 

IDIOM have it down cold- you can do it automatically, without thinking

 

The only way to have them down cold is to practice- steady, everyday, consistent practice.

The hard work will pay off.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noun Clauses

 

Noun clauses are part of complex sentences.

Noun clauses are used with verbs that have to do with the brain, thinking or cognition: e.g. think, feel, believe, know, understand, forget, remember, realize, get (understand-casual), see (understand-casual), decide

 

 

 

cognition(noun)- understanding

recognize- understand again

cognitive(adj)

 

Also verbs about speaking: say, yell, whisper, shout, state, suggest, recommend

 

state(verb) statement(noun)

 

Noun clauses most often begin with these words: that, what, why, how

 

How can I make a noun clause?

Two lists of words:

A.   VERBS think, feel, believe, know, understand, forget, remember, realize, say, mention, yell, shout, whisper, etc.

B.    that, what, why, how

 

Choose an A word and put it with a B word.

Mix and match A+B to make noun clauses.

 

Examples of complex sentences with noun clauses:

Your example:

*think + that

I think that he is upset about his report card. main clause noun clause

Joanne thinks that her son is very tall for his age. noun clause

Jun thinks that it will rain today.

Jun doesn’t think that Marta is telling the truth.

I think that you forgot your key.

Shira doesn’t think that she should stay out too late tonight.

I don’t think that you should go to the party.

Mei’s sister thinks that Mei should get a Covid test.

I think that it is too cold outside to go hiking.

She thinks that he is wrong.

What do you think about SHEC? SIMPLE

What do you think about what she said? COMPLEX- N CL

 

DIFFERENT STYLE: I think that studying English will give me new opportunities. studying gerund

 

that studying English will give me new opportunities I think. XXX

Studying English will give me new opportunities, I think.

 

 

OPTION – Omit ‘that’

Jun thinks that it will rain today.

Jun thinks that it will rain today.

Jun thinks it will rain today. AUTHENTIC, VERY NATURAL-SOUNDING

We think it will rain today.

 

 

*believe + that

I believe that education is important.

She believes that practice makes perfect.

She believes practice makes perfect.

 

SAYING Practice makes perfect.

Practice makes permanent.

 

I believe that you will be successful

I believe that the students should work together.

 

*realize + that

realize- suddenly know

I realize that I gave you the wrong number.

I got to school and realized (that) I forgot my phone at home.

I realize (that) you don’t like math class, but you have to do your best.

I realize that I can’t eat too much ice cream.

**You can omit ‘that’ if you wish. It’s pefectly ok to leave it in. I will not teach it that way. I will keep it simple.

Either way is ok.

Joe thinks the boots are nice.

Joe thinks that the boots are nice.

 

‘just’ sounds immediate

I just realized that I have an appointment.

He just realized that he has fallen in love with her.

I realized that noun clauses are not diffciult for me.

 

think that You can omit ‘that’.

I think (that) today is too cold to go outside.

I think today is too cold to go outside.

I just realized that I have an appointment.

He just realized that he has fallen in love with her.

I just realized I have an appointment.

He just realized he has fallen in love with her.

I think that life is short.

After he got cancer, he realized that life is very short.

After I turned 50 years old, I realized (that) life is precious.

 

*find out + that – learn, discover

Jun found out that her daughter has potential in piano.

Joe found out from his classmate that they have a test today.

Maria found out that her boss will be getting transfered to a new branch next week.

The judge found out the truth. SIMPLE

The judge found out that the witness was lying.

 

* NOT ON THE LIST figure out + how – solve a problem

Kokob figured out how to fix the car problem.

 

Kokob found out how to fix the car problem.

 

The policeman figured out who robbed the bank.

 

Last night, I figured out how to play a piano song on guitar.

 

**NOTES ‘that’ is a tricky word in English

that – many uses

noun clauses and adjective clauses, confusing

          pronoun ‘that book’

- a lot of different functions, a lot of different uses

 

The book that she read was very funny. adj cl

I think that the book was very funny. n cl

That guy thinks that the book that she read was very funny.

Three ‘that’s- different uses

 

DETAIL

I think that would be nice. – possibly will happen

I think that will be nice. – definitely will happen

 

We could go for a hike tomorrow. I think that would be nice.

We are going for a hike tomorrow. I think that will/ that’ll be nice.

 

* wonder + why

wonder- think about in a vague way

I was wondering why you are always so happy.

I want to know why you are always so happy.

 

I was wondering when my room will be ready. hotel

When will my room be ready? sounds abrupt, slightly impolite

 

I was wondering if I could get a cup of coffee.

I was wondering if you do espresso.

Do you do espresso?

 

I wonder why my dog stares at me.

Jun was wondering why his sister isn’t speaking to him.

Maria isn’t speaking to Jun. She is mad at him.

 

IDIOM no wonder – obvious, very clear, no doubt

He spends a lot of money on clothes and jewelry. It is no wonder why he’s always broke. No wonder he’s broke. No wonder. It’s not a surprise.

 

* wonder + how – to do something

I wonder how I can fix this computer.

I wonder how the mouse got into my apartment.

Marie wonders how her boss got a promotion.

She wonders how she can ace the test.

 

*wonder + what

I was wondering what kind of phone you have.

 

 

*wonder + if

I wonder if I should buy a Lambroghini.

She wonders if she can pass English 12.

I wonder if we can take a break soon.

I wonder if I should stay in Vancouver.

 

 

CONTINUE TOMORROW

 

Noun  clauses

Two lists of words:

A.   VERBS think, feel, believe, know, understand, forget, remember, realize, say, mention, yell, shout, whisper, etc.

B.    that, what, why, how, etc

Choose an A word and put it with a B word.

Mix and match A+B to make noun clauses.

 

* forget + why

She forgot why she’s here.

She forgot why she rang/called last night.

I forgot that I made an appointment with the doctor.

I forgot that made an appointment with the doctor. XXX

 

I forgot why I made an appointment with the doctor.

I forgot why I came into the kitchen.

I am having a senior moment. forgetful

IDIOM a senior moment- a moment of confusion or forgetfulness

 

*decide + that

Junko decided that she would get a new job.

You decided that you would emigrate.

 

immigrate- enter a new country

emigrate- leave your old country

Sally emigrated from Hong Kong to Canada.

 

SAME MEANING

I was wondering if I should buy a new car. I want to buy one now ot soon.

I am thinking about buying a new car.

 

IDIOM We are getting in the weeds -too much detail

I was wondering if you have (any/some) information about computer systems.

I was wondering if you have a book about knitting.

 

Literary Terms

Conflict

versus VS

 

Iran vs US soccer

Canucks vs Flames

 

External conflicts:

-person vs person

-person vs society/culture -culture shock

-