Good morning, everyone.
We will get started at 8:30
Butter
-boy, man
-8 years old
-Golden Doodle - mixed breed- golden retriever and poodle
- very social
-loves people
-doesn’t care about food
-only cares about affection
-being a member of the pack
-group of dogs- pack
-brings a gift, likes to share
-group oriented
beagle -hunting dog, high-energy
shetland sheepdogs- working dogs, don’t relax
puppy training- voice commands
-basic training
Today’s agenda
·
Quiz#2
on compound sentences
·
Begin complex sentences- adverb clauses
·
Continue “Roses Sing on New Snow” module
·
IF TIME Begin review of verb tenses
·
Listening to lyrics “Close to You”
Next week (probably Tuesday)– Test#2 paragraph on “Roses
Sing on New Snow”
Monday
·
Continue complex sentences- adverb clauses
COMPLEX
SENTENCES -adverb clauses
-noun
clauses
-adjective
clauses
REVIEW
OF SENTENCE STYLES
You
have to practice these every day if you want to get good at something. You will
be amazed at how good you will get at sentence writing or whatever you are
doing in six months or a year.
*SIMPLE
– 1 main/independent clause
SV SSV
SVV SSVV Imperative
Interrogative
*COMPOUND
, SOBA ; ; TRANS,
2
main clauses/independent clauses joined together
1.
, FANBOYS , SOBA
2.
; semicolon
3.
; TRANS, e.g. ; moreover,
*COMPLEX
- 1 main clause and 1 subordinate clause
-
adverb clauses
-
noun clauses NEXT WEEK
-
adjective clauses AFTER TWO WEEKS
COMPLEX
SENTENCES=
simple
sentence + subordinate clause (dependent clause)
main
clause + subordinate clause
main
clause = independent clause
-independent-
independent
person- by yourself, support yourself, don’t need help, buy your own groceries,
cook your own food, do your own laundry
-dependent
person – needs help, can’t stand by yourself, need support, cook for them,
drive them around
independent
clause- a group of words with SV, is a simple sentence
dependent
clause- a group of words with SV, not a sentence
The
sky is blue. SIMPLE, INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
although
it is chilly. DEPENDENT CLAUSE, SENTENCE
FRAGMENT
The
sky is blue. Although it is chilly. XXX
The
sky is blue although it is chilly. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE
COMPLEX
SENTENCE- ADVERB CLAUSES
-
because when if (most commonly used words)
because
– give a reason
Joan is
happy today. Her son is visiting
her. Two main clauses. Two simple sentences.
Turn
one of the main clauses into a subordinate clause. +because
1. main
clause
+ adverb clause
Jun is
happy today because
her son is visiting her.
Jun is
happy because
her son is visiting her today.
Jun is
happy today. Her son is visiting
her. 2 SIMPLES
Jun is
happy today because her son is
visiting her. 1 COMPLEX, ADV CL
NOTE:
no comma before ‘because’
2. adverb
clause, +
main clause
Because
Jun’s son is visiting her, she is happy today.
Because
Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is happy.
NOTE:
need a comma
***
The two ways:
Jun is
happy today because
her son is visiting her.
Because
Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is happy.
***
Either way is good. It is your choice.
COMMON
ERROR:
Jun is
happy, because her son is visiting
her today. XXX
Small
error with the comma. No big deal.
EXAMPLES
He
is hungry because he skipped lunch.
Because
he skipped lunch, he is hungry.
If
When Because While
**
OLD-FASHIONED RULE- Don’t start your
sentences with ‘because’.
It’s
fine. I do. We can ignore this rule.
Because
it’s snowing, some people are a little late. OK
Because
it’s snowing – makes this the focus of the
sentence
Some
people are a little late because it’s snowy. Alternative
Some
people are a little late – makes this the focus of the
sentence
Either
way is fine. It’s your choice. This is more about style and intention than
grammar.
COMMON
ERROR
Some
people are a little late, because it’s snowy. XXX
Don’t
put a comma before ‘because’. You will see people do it, but it isn’t the best
choice. Keep your school writing at a more formal level.
This
is a stylistic choice concerning your writing style.
stylistic(adj)
style(n)
DISCLAIMER:
My writing and speaking style tends to be more formal than many. I aim to keep
my writing and speaking style formal especially for work, school, and business.
I take a professional tone in a professional situation.
Other
people are much more casual in their language usage.
You
can decide what level of formality is appropriate for any situation that you
are in.
MAIN
THING ABOUT COMMAS WITH ADVERB CLAUSES:
The
baby is crying because
she is tired. NO COMMA
Because
the baby is tired,
she is crying. COMMA
MAIN
CLAUSE (SIMPLE SENTENCE) +
ADVERB CLAUSE
MAIN
CL + ADVERB CL = COMPLEX SENTENCE
FREE
ADVICE: If you do it like that, it will always work. Everything will be ok.
*when
- time
1.
main clause + adverb clause
My
dog gets up when I get up. no
comma
2.
adverb clause, + main clause
When
I get up, my
dog gets up. comma
Call
your sister when you get home.
When
you get home, call your sister.
SAME
MEANING- your choice
DIFFERENCE
when / while
When
Harim got up this morning, she was surprised to see snow on the ground.
Harim
was surprised to see snow on the ground when she got up this morning.
*when
– same time, pretty much the same time
*after,
before – not the same time
Harim was
surprised to see snow on the ground after/when she got up this morning.
*when
– one time, once
*whenever-
everytime, happens many times
Whenever
Butter has to pee, he rings a bell on the door.
My
neighbour’s dog escapes whenever they let it out in the backyard.
Whenever
it rains, Mei takes an umbrella.
Mei
uses an umbrella whenever it rains.
Mary
gets nervous when she has a test. SOUNDS OK
Mary
gets nervous whenever she has a test. SOUNDS BETTER
Whenever
Jay watches scary movies, he has nightmares.
night
mare-
horse
Old
superstition- People used to believe that hearing a horse running at night was
bad luck.
*if-
maybe yes, maybe no, don’t know, not decided
1. main
clause
+ adverb clause
Maria
should start saving her money if
she wants to buy that expensive dress. no comma
2. adverb
clause, +
main clause
If
Maria wants to buy that expensive dress, she should start saving her money. comma
Call
me if
you want to go for a hike.
If
there is heavy snow,
listen to the radio regarding school cancellations.
Listen
to the radio. imperative (simple sentence)
Close
the door if
we are being too noisy.
Practice
everyday if
you want to get better at jujitsu.
***
Martial
Arts – judo, karate, aikido, jiujitsu, taekwondo
***
Model
for adverb clauses:
Main
clause adverb
clause.
Adverb
clause, main clause.
**
***
****
YOUR CHOICE. You should be able to do it both ways. GOAL! ****
‘if’
– past, present, future
My
sister would play with her dolls if she was bored. past
Let’s
grab some coffee if you are free now. present
I
will call you if I need a lift to the airport. future
EXAMPLES:
You
should call your sister if you want a ride from the airport.
If
you want a ride from the airport, you should call your sister.
You
should call your sister, if you want a ride from the airport. XXX punc
-small
error, does not impede understanding, still not right
IMPERATIVE:
Call your sister.
Call
your sister if you want to get a ride.
If
you want to get a ride, call your sister.
REVIEW
-
COMPOUND
2
independent clauses put together
COMPLEX
1
independent clause and 1 dependent clause put together
COMPOUND
We
are going camping this weekend, so we have to pack our gear.
COMPLEX
We
have to pack our gear because we are going camping this weekend.
Because
we are going camping this weekend, we have to pack our gear.
*Same
information- different sentence styles- compound and complex
We
are going camping this weekend, so we have to pack our gear.
We
have to pack our gear because we are going camping this weekend.
If you really want
to use a comma in the middle of the sentence, put the adverb clause first, or
use a compound sentence.
e.g. Jan is late
because it is snowing.
Because it is
snowing, Jan is late. COMPLEX- adverb clause
It is snowing, so
Jan is late. COMPOUND , SOBA
GOOD WORDS FOR
ADVERB CLAUSES
* Adverbial
conjunctions (adverb clause words)
Learning these will
expand your ability to express your thoughts more clearly and precisely in
English.
** When you learn
these 24 words, you will be a rock star in your English class!
time- after,
before, ever since, since, until, when, whenever,
while
place- wherever
condition - if, even if, provided that,
unless
manner- as, as if, though,
although, even though, so ... that
cause- because, since
purpose- in order that, in order to, so
that,
*after- time
The kids did their homework after supper. prepositional
phrase SIMPLE
The kids did their homework after SV supper. COMPLEX-
ADVERB CL
The kids did their homework after they finished/had/ate supper. no comma
After the kids finished supper, they did their
homework. comma
This is an important difference!
The kids did their homework after supper.
SIMPLE
The kids did their homework after they finished supper.
COMPLEX
After they finished supper, the kids did
their homework. COMPLEX
The kids finished supper, and then they did their homework.
COMPOUND
This is all about choice!!
VERY COMMON ERROR
After the kids finished supper, so they did their
homework. XXX
confusing compound and complex
FIXES
The kids finished supper, so they did their
homework. compound
After the kids finished supper, they did their
homework. complex
* before- Call me before you leave. complex- adverb clause
Call me before
8pm. simple
*since – two meanings: time, give a reason
-since-time
May has lived in Canada
since 1998. SIMPLE
May has lived in Canada
since SV 1998. COMPLEX
May has lived in Canada
since she moved/arrived/came/ immigrated/relocated
here from Vietnam in 1998. COMPLEX
* NOTE: simple past instead past perfect
Past perfect is not commonly used by native English
speakers.
May has lived in Canada since she had moved here
from Vietnam in 1998.
May has lived in Canada since she moved here from
Vietnam in 1998.
-since – give a reason, same as ‘because’
Joe is a little frustrated right now because the internet
keeps dropping out.
Joe is a little frustrated right now since the internet
keeps dropping out.
Because the internet keeps dropping out, I
am a little frustrated right now.
Since the internet keeps dropping out,
I am a little frustrated right now.
SWAP because = since
because/since – Your choice. Mix it up!
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