EF67
Good morning, everyone.
Today’s agenda
• Education Planner https://educationplannerbc.ca/
• Continue with adjective clauses- commas (restrictive and non-restrictive clauses)
Quiz on adj cl tomorrow
• Begin “Dead Man’s Path”
• Listening exercise
Friday
• Quiz on adj cl
• Begin noun clauses – last kind of clause
• Continue “Dead Man’s Path”
Next week
-noun clauses
-“Dead Man’s Path”
-sentence combining
-First Nations
Final weeks
-parallelism
-presentation- individual spoken work
-essay writing
-optional replacement quiz / test
Did you register?
After you register, an advisor will check and eveyrthing is ok. Then they will email you with a confirmation. This could take a few days, up to a week.
We have to be patient.
From one of my EF45 students:
Education Planner
https://educationplannerbc.ca/
-for people interested in college or university programs
LD – learning difficulty
-dyslexia
head
haed
hdea
274632
742362
answer
counsellor
Dr. Wong is outstanding in her field.
A farmer is out standing in his field.
a dad joke
outlook- point of view, attitude about life
optomistic- positive -a glass-half-full person
pessimistic- negative – a glass-half-empty person
Sentence types:
You must become familiar with and be able to use when writing and talking. These are aimed on more academic, professional level of English. This is for more formal, structured communication.
SIMPLE SV SSV SVV SSVV Question Command
COMPOUND SV, SOBA SV. SV; SV. SV; TRANS, SV.
COMPLEX ADVERB CLAUSES
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
NOUN CLAUSES
Adjective clauses
*Basic level of knowledge
90% of the time
who- people
that- things, animals, people (impolite, not respectful sounding)
which- special things, unique things
Far less common, quite uncommon
whom
MY ADVICE – forget about ‘whom’
EXCEPTION “To whom it may concern,”
whose -possession
This is my friend, Shira, whose daughter won an award for piano.
where- place
Beijing is the city where she was born.
SHEC is the school where we learn English.
Marpole is the branch where you work.
High-level, more formal
Beijing is the city in which she was born.
Marpole is the branch in which you work.
More casual-sounding
Beijing is the city that she was born in.
SHEC is the school that we learn English in.
Marpole is the branch that you work at/in.
*Deeper level – not critical, if you get it wrong, no one will go to jail
commas or no commas around adjective clauses
-Use commas around an adjective clause – really special, absolutely unique, only one- a good time to use commas
‘which’ is a good candidate for commas
Manila, which is the capital of The Philippines, is a huge city.
extra information
Grammar- non-essential, non-restrictive
Beijing, which is in the north of China, has a huge population.
Beijing, which is in the north of China, has a huge population.
sentence still makes sense
SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT MEANINGS / MESSAGES
A. Dave’s dog, that has white fur, loves to swim.
Dave’s dog, that has white fur, loves to swim.
Dave’s dog loves to swim.
B. Dave’s dog that has white fur loves to swim.
A. How many dogs does Dave have? One or more than one
B. How many dogs does Dave have? One or more than one
A. Dave’s dog, that has white fur, loves to swim. Suggests that Dave has one dog. non-restrictive clause, non-essential clause (grammar books) – extra information, not essential
, that has white fur, commas around it, means it can be omitted
Dave’s dog, that has white fur, loves to swim.
Dave’s dog , that has white fur, loves to swim.
Dave’s dog loves to swim.
The meaning doesn’t change.
B. Dave’s dog that has white fur loves to swim. Suggests that Dave has more than one dog.
restrictive clause, essential clause (grammar books) – not extra information, essential, cannot be omitted
that has white fur no commas around it, means it cannot be omitted
Dave’s dog that has white fur loves to swim.
* important punctuation, detailed and subtle, not a major problem if you get it wrong
A. My car that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall is a 2018 Toyota.
B. My car, which I bought at Richmond Auto Mall, is a 2018 Toyota.
Complete subject
A. How many cars do I own?
B. How many cars do I own?
A. Micheal’s son who is 10 loves to play football.
B. Micheal’s son, who is 10, loves to play football.
Our class, which goes Monday to Friday, is useful but challenging.
Commas or no commas?
SHEC, which is on Fraser and 43rd, is a very old school.
Let’s meet at the Starbucks that is on the corner of 49th and Fraser.
How to distinguish the difference- written- straightforward
-spoken – subtle
commas – spoken- breath marks – take a breath, small beat, pause
A. Our class, which goes Monday to Friday, is useful but challenging.
B. Our class which goes Monday to Friday is useful but challenging.
Rhythm in speech is very important.
Often students complain that their pronunciation is poor. Sometimes, the problem is speaking rhythm more than pronuncaition.
Adjective Clauses, Ex13 from homework
‘whose’ ownership
The little boy whose puppy ran away was very sad. The puppy came back.
You can lease a car. You can sign a lease.
These are the shoes that I like the most.
IDIOM the writing on the wall Mei could see the writing on the wall. She could guess/predict what was about to happen.
SCENARIO: Mei’s sister and her husband are arguing all the time. Thye have separate bedrooms. They don’t even look at each other anymore.
Mei can see the writing on the wall.
What is going to happen probably? Divorce
OLD JOKE student to a teacher “My dog ate my homework.”
aftershave – slap on your face after shaving
cologne – perfume for men
scent-free areas – Please, do not wear perfume.
Joachim – Spanish ‘j’ pron like ‘h’
Jose –
Juanita-
loaned = lent
fascinate(v) fascinating(adj)= amazing
GRAMMAR: difference between main subject and complete subject
main subject – just one noun, subject of the sentence
complete subject - main noun plus all the modifiers, subject of the sentence
A. My car that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall is a 2018.
B. My car, that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall, is a 2018.
complete subject
My car that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall is a 2018. suggests 2+ cars
My car, that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall, is a 2018. suggests 1 car
commas around an adjective clause means just extra information
Look it up in a grammar book:
restrictive and non-restrictive clauses
essential and non-essential clauses
Examples:
A. Her son who is nine is very shy. How many sons? 2+
B. Her son, who is nine, is very shy. How many sons? 1
main subject complete subject
Her son who is nine is very shy. How many sons? 2+
Her son, who is nine, is very shy. How many sons? 1
Mohamed moved to Vancouver, which is the largest city in BC.
comma or no comma? How many Vancouvers are there?
which is the largest city in BC – extra information
I live in Vancouver.
I live in Vancouver, which has lots of nice parks.
Your school, which is at Fraser and 43th, is holding in-class classes. 1 school
Your school which is at Fraser and 43th is holding in-class classes. suggests 2+ schools eg. SHEC, VCC
speaking – commas are breath marks, take a beat, slight pause
A. My school, which is at Fraser and 43th, is holding in-class classes.
B. My school which is at Fraser and 43th is holding in-class classes.
Let’s meet at the Starbucks. enough information?
Let’s meet at the Starbucks which is at Georgia and Bute. necessary information, essential clause no comma
Let’s meet at Scienceworld, which is open right now. not necessary information, just extra information, non-essential clause
** subtle difference – has meaning to an English listener
*** If you get it wrong, it is a small problem.
Shirin’s mother, who is retired, likes to travel. 1 mother
Shirin’s mother who is retired likes to travel. 2+ mothers
MORE LIKELY EXAMPLE:
Shirin’s aunt who is retired likes to travel. 2+ aunts
REVIEW
A. My sister who lives in Spain volunteers for a dog rescue society.
B. My sister, who lives in Spain, volunteers for a dog rescue society.
A. How many sisters do I have? One or more than one? suggest 2+
Subject is “My sister who lives in Spain”
The adjective clause is restricting the meaning of ‘sister’.
Grammar book: restrictive clause, essential clause
B. How many sisters do I have? One or more than one? 1
Subject is “My sister”
The adjective clause is not restricting the meaning of ‘sister’.
Grammar book: non-restrictive clause, non-essential clause
Example:
Mui’s sister who lives in Switzerland is retired. Her other sisters, who live in Seattle, are also retired.
Clark’s brother who lives in Jiuquan is an architect.
His other brother, who lives in Lanzhou, is an engineer.
other / another
His other brother, who lives in Lanzhou, is an engineer.
His another brother, who lives in Lanzhou, is an engineer. XXX
He has another brother who lives in Lanzhou.
MORE INFORMATION TO EXPLORE:
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/using-that-and-which-is-all-about-restrictive-and-non-restrictive-clauses/?gclid=CjwKCAjwruSHBhAtEiwA_qCppvmHGTPcCPEl-fiCdNnSoq5n02Ygj0govWwh5Of09op_QWBYrJ5CHxoCh74QAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds
Quiz#3 tomorrow on adjective clauses
who
that
which
Don’t worry about commas.
10 vocab words for the quiz
1. promotion (n)
2. outspoken (a)
3. enthusiasm (n) enthusiastic (a)
4. delightful (a)
5. infected (a)(v)
6. admire (v)
7. misfortune (n)
8. surprise (n)(v)
9. colleague (n)
10. personal (a)
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