Good morning, everyone.
We’ll get started at 11:00.
Today’s agenda:
·
Test#3
Edit, revise
·
Sentence fragment exercises
from homework
·
Begin adjective clauses
Thursday
·
Continue adjective clauses
Friday
I will be in a provincial meeting for Adult
Education on Friday and Saturday. Barbara will be here on Friday.
Sentence Fragments
8. A survey of twenty-two cities that are
considering new property taxes.
Kids’ playground games:
-north south east west
-hide and seek
-jump rope- double dutch- pepper
-tag – freeze tag, grounders
-Eagle and hen
-paper airplanes
-paper, rock, scissors – very popular with
Japanese kids
-hopscotch
-hula hoop
-musical chairs
-sack race
-yoyo
-spinning tops
-marbles
-tug of war
-blind man’s bluff
-peek-a-boo
-
Children’s Day, June 1 in China and Mongolia
Children play mostly the same games all
over the world.
dogs – play fight, play bow before they play
fight
Yoga – downward dog
The court apologized to her. She got an apology from the court.
Marijuana can help people with nausea,
chronic pain, depression, and help digestion. parallelism – the same
kinds of words in a row
noun, noun, and noun
verb, verb, and verb
adj, adj, and adj
She is happy, healthy, and play soccer. adj, adj, and verb XXX
She is happy, healthy, and active.
1.
The diamond ring was stolen
last Friday night, but I couldn’t find it.
2.
The box of books are
is next to the filing cabinet.
#1 MOST COMMON
ERROR- subject verb agreement
3. Even if the recession continues, the
house prices are still increasing. vt
Even if the
recession continues, the house prices are still increasing will be
increasing/will increase.
3.
The low-income housing project which
will be located near Huntley Park was approved yesterday.
4.
A survey of twenty-two cities that
are considering new property tax will start tomorrow.
5.
On the way to the local
discount store, Maria was seeing saw a video store's offer of three
movies for $5.00.
6.
While we waited for the
mechanic to fix our car, someone came and helped us.
7.
Because l won't be able to get
off work until 6 o'clock tomorrow, l cannot come with you to the party.
8.
Next to the filing cabinet was
a box of books.
9.
Next to the filing cabinet
there is a box of books.
10.
Then John listened to his
friend trying to explain the story.
11.
John finished his work, and then
listened to his friend trying to explain the story.
John finished his work; then,
he listened to his friend trying to explain the story.
12.
Because I won’t be able to get
off work until 6 o’clock tomorrow. FRAG
I won’t be able to get off
work until 6 o’clock tomorrow.
I won’t be able to go to
the party because I won’t be able to get off work until 6 o’clock tomorrow.
13.
Maria plans to buy the deluxe
vacuum cleaner since it is on sale.
14.
On the way to the local
discount store, Tom saw a video store’s offer of three movies for $5.
15.
After deciding they are going
to the lake and buying the necessary fishing permits. FRAG
They decided to go to the
lake after buying the necessary fishing permits.
16.
Because I won’t be able to get
off until 6 o’clock tomorrow, I won’t go to see the improv show.
17.
There is even a class of adults
who are learning about how to make their own car repairs.
18.
The labourers’ union council
had to decide what sites to picket.
19.
He turned off his music, then
listened to his friend explain the story. XXX
He turned off his music;
then, he listened to his friend explain the story.
He turned off his music
and then listened to his friend explain the story. SIMPLE
He turned off his music, and
then he listened to his friend explain the story. COMPOUND
20.
Mary entered the country in May
and left again in July.
21.
This is a class for adults to
learn about how to make their own car repairs.
22.
We had a cup of coffee while we
waited for the mechanic to fix our car.
23.
Because I won’t be able to get
off work until 6 o’clock tomorrow, I won’t come to the party.
24.
He listened to his friend who
was trying to explain the story.
25.
Next to the filing cabinet was
a box of books. -> Completed sentence. Nothing to fix.
26.
We had dinner, then
listened to his friend trying to explain the story.
27.
Unless the weather improves, we
shall stay home.
28.
I entered the country in May
and left again in July.
29.
Even if the recession
continues, I will speculate in stocks.
30.
The rain was started while
we were waiting for the mechanic to fix our car.
Have a look at the rest on your
own if you wish. I ‘d be happy to talk about them tomorrow if you want.
1.
Because I won’t be able to get
off work until 6 o’clock tomorrow. (F)
2.
I will not come to Anna’s
birthday party because I won’t be able to get off work until six o’clock .
3.
A class of adults learning
about how to make their own car repairs.(F)
4.
The class of adults learning
about how to make their own car repairs will start in BCIT tomorrow.
5.
Entering the country in May and
left again in July is agood choice.
6.
Even if the recession continues,
the gas price is rising.
7.
He plans to buy the deluxe
vacuum cleaner since it is on sale.
8.
While we waited for the
mechanic to fix our car,he was working somewhere else.
9.
I entered the country in May,
and I left again in July.
10.
Frag- Next to the filing
cabinet, there was a box of books.
11.
Then he listened to his friend,
and he was trying to explain the story.
12.
Unless the weather improves, we
shall stay home.
* SIMPLE-
one main clause
SV
SSV SVV SSVV
Imperative Interrogative
SVVVVVV-
poor writing
ADVICE:
If something is important and you want to people to remember it, write it in a
simple sentence.
-powerful,
clear, direct
* COMPOUND
– two main clauses joined together
1. , FANBOYS , SOBA
2. ; semicolon
3. ; TRANS,
Transitional
words and terms: e.g however
therefore also nevertheless to tell the truth in general
*
COMPLEX – one main clause + one subordinate clause
1. adverb clauses- because when
if since so that
so...that, etc
2. adjective clauses
3. noun clauses- verbs- feel think say know believe / pronouns?-
that
why
how
Adjective
clauses –
adjective
clauses – more in-depth, more detailed
keep
it as simple as possible to start- start basic and then go deeper
adjectives
– describes a noun
the
red hat adjective
the
nice red hat adjective
*
SIDE NOTE
opinion, size, age, shape,
colour, material, origin, purpose NOUN
The
beautiful small new round lime-green aluminum Martian flying machine is
right there. TOO MANY ADJECTIVES – PICK 2-3
*opinion,
size, age, shape, colour, material, origin, purpose NOUN
My
grandmother broke her gorgeous sky-blue English teapot.
Shari
loves to listen to ancient Persian music.
The
dog plays with a big round plastic chew toy.
Yuko
collects old Japanese tea sets.
That
is a green nice sweater. XXX sounds weird
That
is a nice green sweater.
individual
adjectives – good for simple ideas
more
complicated, in-depth description – use adjective clauses
Three
most common pronouns for adjective clauses: who that which
96%
of the time: who that which
Other
less commonly used pronouns for adjective clauses: whom, where, whose – NOT USED
OFTEN
whom
– rarely used, very fancy sounding, like a grammar book
Native
English speakers rarely use ‘whom’. We
say ‘who’.
MY
ADVICE: Forget about ‘whom’. It is not important.
One
exception about ‘whom’. writing to someone, don’t know who will be receiving
the letter
One
exception:
GREETING:
To whom it may concern,
e.g.
business letter
Not
an everyday occurrence. Pretty rare.
FOCUS
ON HIGH FREQUENCY USAGE: who that which – 97% of the time
who – used for people, any people, sounds nice, sounds polite and
respectful
that- things that are not alive, animals, people (sounds a little disrespectful,
you don’t that person)
SUBTLETY
IN ENGLISH, signal your opinion of a person:
The
guy that my sister married is odd. adjective clause
The
man who my other sister married is awesome. adjective clause
Who
is that? Not an adjective clause, sounds polite
Who
is that woman you were talking to?
That
is a beautiful baby!
Is
that your son? -sounds ok
which- special things (special to you), unique things
This
is a watch that I bought last week. not special
I
really like the watch which my dad gave me for my 18th birthday.
special
witch
– a magical woman
wedding
ring – which
necklace
that your grandmother gave you – which
toothbrush
– that
glasses-
that
EXAMPLES
who-
people
My neighbour
who is very elderly does not like my son to play in the backyard.
who is
very elderly adj cl
SV
elderly(adj)
– elder, senior, aged (Biblical), older, old (doesn’t sound polite), senior
citizen
Her
dad is getting older. He is older now. He is 79.
IDIOMS
impolite- one foot in the grave, one paw in the grave, on his last legs,
knocking on Heaven’s door, long in the tooth, ready to give up the ghost
That
old dog is long in the tooth. very old
long
in the tooth (idiom)- horses teeth grow their whole life, also mice, also beavers
Sometimes
people who are very elderly start to worry about going to heaven. They start
going to church and praying and reading Holy books.
“They
are cramming for the final.”
‘cramming
for the final’ - studying all night before a big test
cram-
study hard in a short period of time
‘cram
schools’ – Japan, school that promote intense studying for a exam
Jun’s
sister who lives in Spain is
a nurse.
Jun’s
sister that lives in Spain
is a nurse. SOUNDS STRANGE, Don’t use ‘that’ for a person.
COMMON
ERROR:
Jun’s
sister who lives in Spain. sentence fragment, not a complete sentence,
half a sentence
*In
a sentence with an adjective clause, you have to say two things, two SV.
Jun’s
sister who lives
in Spain is a nurse. 1 2
The
phone that she bought was not expensive.
1 2
that
– animals, things, people we don’t like or don’t respect (rare)
Marta
has a dog who that has cute floppy ears. ‘who’ sounds strange for
animals
Shirin
got a new phone that has a seven-inch screen.
I
met the guy that Joanne is seeing now. -sounds like don’t like him
The
guy that my sister married is a bit of a clown.
a
clown - a loser
The
guy that my sister married is a clown.
a
bit of a – a little bit
My
friend is a bit of a drama queen.
drama
queen- big emotions all the time, like an actor, dramatic, big show, like a
soap opera
The
guy that my sister married is coming over for a visit. -secret message-
don’t like him much-
The
guy who my sister married is coming over for a visit. – secret message-
like him-
The
guy who my sister married is really good fellow.
SOURCE
OF CONFUSION ‘that’ is used in many ways
-noun
clauses
-adjective
clauses
-a
pronoun
multi-use
word, confusing
Examples
That sandwich was delicious. pronoun
The
sandwich that she made was very tasty. adj cl
I
think that that sandwich was scrumptious. noun clause, pronoun
She
thinks that that sandwich that you made was so good that
she wants to have another one. confusing, not good writing, grammar is fine
That guy is really tall. pronoun
*which
– special things, unique things
special
things- You decide if it is special to you.
I
have a silver ring which my son gave me. a special thing to me
Mei
is wearing the jade necklace which her grandmother gave to her.
Shirin
is wearing the jade necklace that her grandmother gave to her. (sounds
like a regular necklace, not special)
Clara
put the picture which her son painted for her up on the fridge.
unique
things- only one in the world
Beijing,
which is the capital of China, hosted the 2022 Olympic Winter Games. unique
Marta
visited the Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris.
Marta
visited the Eiffel Tower that is in Paris. XXX
Marta
visited the Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris.
Example
from my EF56 students:
1.
His house, which is located in
North Vancouver, is very expensive.
2.
I came to Vancouver, which is
the best city to live in the world.
3.
I would like to visit my
grandmother who will turn 100 years old.
4.
My son who is 12 loves to play
with Lego.
5.
My friend who is very beautiful
is a fashion model.
6.
Her dog that has a long tail is
brown.
7.
I visit my mother who lives in
Ottawa.
8.
I went to the aquarium which is
in Stanley park.
9.
The girl who is wearing the red
shirt is my little sister.
10.
My daughter who is playing the
violin decided to study more music.
11.
I love the ring which my
husband gave me on my birthday.
12.
Joe bought a new laptop that
cost $2000.
13.
The girl who is standing in the
corner is my classmate.
14.
My friend visited the park
which is close to my home.
15.
I have a lot of apples that my
mother gave me yesterday.
16.
My boss who is very polite
resigned yesterday.
17.
I went to the aquarium which is
in Stanley park.
18.
James wore a fine black tux
which his dad gave him.
HOMEWORK: Try some sentences of your own
that use adjective clauses. Email me a few of them by 7. Use ‘who’, ‘that’, and
‘which’.
We can share them tomorrow.
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