EF7/ E10 "Buying" sentence combining

Buying

They were shopping for a gift. KERNEL

They were shopping for a gift for their mother.

France and Monica saw a display of antique, refinished furniture in the mall.

France and Monica were shopping for a gift for their mother, and they saw a display of antique, refinished furniture in the mall.

France and Monica were shopping for a gift for their mother when they saw a display of antique, refinished furniture in the mall.

When/ While France and Monica were shopping for a gift for their mother, they saw a display of antique, refinished furniture in the mall.

France and Monica, who were shopping for a gift for their mother, they saw a display of antique, refinished furniture in the mall.

HIGH QUALITY SENTENCES

2.      One particular chair caught their eye and the chair gave them an idea.

One particular chair which caught their eye gave them an idea.

One particular chair which caught their eye gave them an idea.

3.      They decided to look for a chair to refinish because their mom liked antiques.

Their mom liked antiques, so they decided to look for a chair to refinish.

Their mom liked antiques; therefore, they decided to look for a chair to refinish.

4. They looked in some shops on a side street not far from the mall, and they found two delicate chairs that they knew would look super in the family breakfast nook.

As/ After they looked in some shops on a side street not far from the mall, they found two delicate chairs that they knew would look super in the family breakfast nook.

After they looked looking in some shops on a side street not far from the mall, they found two delicate chairs that they knew would look super in the family breakfast nook.

5.      The price was reasonable, so they bought both chairs, and as they left, they were talking excitedly about how to restore them.

The price was reasonable, so they bought both chairs, and they left, talking excitedly about how to restore them.

As/ Because the price was reasonable, they bought both chairs; as they left, they were talking excitedly about how to restore them.

As/ Because the price was reasonable, they bought both chairs. As they left, they were talking excitedly about how to restore them.

The cat fell off the roof; amazingly, he was unhurt. ; linked closely

The cat fell off the roof. Amazingly, he was unhurt.

They bought both reasonably-priced chairs. As they left, they were talking excitedly about how to restore them.

EF6 sentence combining work

The object looks long. KERNEL

The object looks thin.

The object measures about 8 inches in length.

The object which measures 8 inches in length looks long and thin.

The object looks long(a), thin(a) and measures(v) about 8 inches in length.

The object looks long and thin and measures about 8 inches in length.

The object which looks long and thin measures about 8 inches in length.

The object looks thin and long as/because it measures 8 inches in length.

The object looks thin and long, and it measures 8 inches in length.

The long, thin-looking object measures about 8 inches in length.

2. The object has many flat sides, but it appears rounded with a diameter that measures about 1/8 inch.

The object which has many flat sides appears rounded with a diameter that measures about 1/8 inch.

The object, that appears rounded, has many flat sides and a diameter which measures about 1/8 inch.

The object, measuring about 1/8 inch in diameter, has many flat sides but appears rounded. APPOSITIVE

E10/EF7 sentence combining quiz possible solutions

SENTENCE COMBINING-

3 sentence types

SIMPLE

COMPOUND

COMPLEX

Quiz

1.The pool opens during the winter

It opens at 6 p.m.

It opens each evening.

The pool is public.

The pool is for swimming.

Gino goes regularly.

The pool opens during the winter, and it opens at 6 p.m. AVOID UNECESSARY REPETITION

The public swimming pool opens at 6 p.m each evening during the winter, so Gino goes regularly.

Gino goes regularly to the public swimming pool which opens at 6 p.m each evening during the winter.

Gino goes regularly to the public swimming pool even though it opens at 6 p.m each evening during the winter. STRANGE MEANING, LOGIC?

It opens.

It opens.

The pool is.

The pool is for.

2.He offers to take Mario who is his five years old brother  

noun modifies a noun no 's'

 a grocery store, NOT a groceries store

He offers to take Mario who is his five-year-old brother 

- hyphen

He offers to take his brother Mario who is five-year-old five years old

He offers to take his brother Mario who is five

This is a two hours two-hour class. NOUN DESCRIBING A NOUN

I am a 150-cm tall guy.

I bought a new two-hundred-dollar phone.

3. The freezing rain is falling outside, but inside the 22-degree water is warm.

Outside, freezing rain is falling, but inside the water is 22 degrees and warm.

Outside, freezing rain is falling; however, inside the water is 22 degrees and warm.

4. Gino is late, so he must hurry or he won't have time for a relaxing sauna.

COMBINE MORE FULLY

He offers to take his brother Mario who is five years old.

APPOSITIVE

My sister, Kathy, is a nurse.

My sister whose name is Kathy is a nurse.

His dog, a poodle, is very smart.

His dog which is a poodle is very smart.

My school, South Hill, is on Fraser.

Hong Kong, which is my birthplace, is a big city.

My birthplace, Hong Kong, is very nice.

Hong Kong, which is a big city, is close to Macau.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES ,,

Hong Kong, which is my hometown, is a big city.

All people who are born in Canada have Canadian citizenship. T

ESSENTIAL CLAUSE/ RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE

All people, who are born in Canada, have Canadian citizenship. F

NON-ESSENTIAL CLAUSE/ NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE

My sister who is a nurse plays volleyball. 2 sisters

My sister, who is a nurse, plays volleyball. 1 sister

I want to buy a guitar that has seven strings. ESSENTIAL

I want to buy a piano, that has black and white keys.

I want to buy a phone that has a seven-inch screen.

I want to buy a Galaxy 6S, that has a four-inch screen.

My mother, who is retired, likes to go birdwatching.

a surrogate mother

Let's go to the restaurant which is on Fraser and 35th. ESSENTIAL

Let's go to your mother's house, which is on Fraser and 35th. NON-ESSENTIAL

I have lived in Vancouver, Canada, Nagano, Japan, and Seoul, South Korea.

EF6 sentence type practice

SIMPLE

This new restaurant has delicious food.

He gave a compliment to his girlfriend about her haircut.

Her kitchen is being renovated.

COMPOUND

The little boy dropped his dish, but it didn’t break.

We had a big family banquet last night, and my two uncles got into a fight.

We had a big family banquet last night; not surprisingly, my two uncles got into a fight.

She loves the aroma of coffee; however, she doesn’t like the taste of it.

COMPLEX

He bought the ingredients that he needs to prepare/bake/make Mooncakes.

The little girl didn’t like the soup because there were too many hot spices in it.

I think that she is telling the truth.

After school, my group of friends go have delicious dimsum that we get at Lucky Swan Restaurant.

“It’s on me.”

“Let me get this.”

separate bills

EF6 compound sentence examples with ;xxx,

consequently- happened next because of ...
"He was late for work every day this week; consequently, he was fired."

therefore
"She really wants to go to VCC; therefore, she is improving her writing skills."

generally = in general = usually = normally
"My dad loves to play golf; generally, he plays every day in the summer."
"Our EF6 class has a lot of tests and quizzes; generally, we do two a week."

generally speaking?

thus (low frequency) = therefore (high frequency)

moreover = most importantly
"I like Vancouver because of its natural beauty and great restaurants; moreover, I love how friendly people are."

also
"I like Vancouver because of it's natural beauty and great restaurants; also, I love how friendly people are."

;also,

;therefore,

ONE EXCEPTION ;then

"She went downtown; then she went home."

"She went downtown; then, she went home." MINOR ERROR

besides

I live in Vancouver because I like the multicultural environment and the close proximity to the mountains; besides, there are plenty of great coffee shops.

indeed (low frequency)

it's = it is "It's cold today."

its = possessive "The dog licked its paw."

nevertheless- high frequency

"Mary twisted her ankle two weeks ago; nevertheless, she still ran a 10k race yesterday."

"Mary twisted her ankle two weeks ago, but she still ran a 10k race yesterday."

"Mary twisted her ankle two weeks ago; surprisingly, she still ran a 10k race yesterday."

instead

"She planned to go to Japan; instead, she went to Fiji."

"She went to Fiji instead of Japan."

"She went to Fiji rather than Japan."

meanwhile = at the same time

"I was making supper; meanwhile, my kids were doing their homework happily."

"I was making supper while my kids were doing their homework happily." ADV CL

in the meantime = while we are waiting

" The bus will come in 25 minutes; in the meantime, let's go grab a coffee."

on one hand/ on the other hand = besides (two things)

EF6 Simple sentence exercises

Ex27
3. Jan and I are walking on the Seawall.
4. Why are you so grumpy?
5. The kid is hiding in the closet.
The lady is shopping in the mall.
preposition- to in on for
She has a hat on her head.
6. Here are your papers and books.
7. I like singing and love dancing.
She speaks Mandarin but doesn't speak French.
8. Did you finish your homework and eat?
9.  DOESN'T MAKE SENSE

Ex28
2. Write the letter.
Come inside the room.
Listen to me.
Look at me.

E10/EF7 example paragraph

WRITING PROMPT:

Why didn’t the boys harvest the pheasants?

specific

intent of the question?

CONTROLLING IDEA why not kill the birds

1.    innocent, naïve

2.    incomplement weather

3.    no tools

4.    felt empathy, felt sorry

COHERENCE- TIME, SPACE, IMPORTANCE

TOPIC SENTENCE- topic, controlling

PLOT, RETOLD THE STORY

WHY?

vt, vf, punc, CS, sp

          Why didn’t the boys harvest the pheasants?

          1.-felt empathy for them/ same situation

          frozen, cold, outside- breath, moving heads

2. -children- want to protect all living things, pure, good hearts, not adult farmers

want to save pheasants

3.- first boy took ACTION, everybody else followed

         

          The boys didn’t kill the pheasants even though they set out to do so because when they were faced with the reality of the helpless birds, they couldn’t go through with it. First of all, the boys aye have felt unconciously that the birds and they were in a similar situation, in the cold on the stormy day. Consequently, they felt protective of the birds and wanted to save them from the cold.  Most importantly, when one of the boys chose to take the action of putting his coats over two birds, the other boys followed his lead.  The decision about what to do had been made for them. In the end, the boys changed their minds about harvesting the birds.

EF6 noun clauses

whatever

You can have whatever you want.

Whatever you want to do is ok with me.

You can think whatever you want, but I didn’t do what you said.

how

Fred knows how he can use a computer. VERY STRANGE

Fred knows how to use a computer. AUTHENTIC (REAL) ENGLISH

I don’t know how to bake a cake.

4.        That you chew with your mouth open annoys us. UNUSUAL

            It annoys us that you chew with you mouth open. AUTHENTIC

EF6 adverb clauses

so... that

It is so cold that the lake is frozen.

The puppy is so cute. CASUAL

The puppy is super cute. CASUAL

The puppy is really cute/ extremely cute.

The puppy is so cute that I want to hug it.

religion even though

Even though he doesn’t have a religion, but he still goes to church.

Even though he doesn’t have a religion, but he still goes to church. ADV CL

Even though Hhe doesn’t have a religion, but he still goes to church. COMPOUND SENTENCE

letters because

He wrote three letters to the government because he was upset about adult education tuition costs.

rights unless

People are allowed to exercise their rights unless they are prisoners.

volunteer so that

I want to volunteer at a community centre so that I can put on my resume.

writer since

She has been a writer since she was 10 years old.

EF7/ E10 "Backstage" sentence combining

Kai plays soccer. KERNEL

He plays well.

He scored a goal.

Kai plays soccer, and he plays well, and he scored a goal.

REPETITIVE, POOR QUALITY WRITING, NOT ELEGANT

Kai plays soccer well and scored a goal. SIMPLE

Kai plays soccer well, and he scored a goal. COMPOUND

Kai plays soccer well; in fact, he scored a goal. COMPOUND

Kai, who plays soccer well, scored a goal. COMPLEX- ADJ CL

Kia scored a goal because he plays soccer well. COMPLEX- ADV CL

Kai, who plays soccer well, was happy that he scored a goal. COMPLEX- N CL

VARIETY OF SENTENCES

Backstage

1.     We were preparing, and the preparation... AVOID REP

We were preparing for the performance which was our second UNNATURAL

We were preparing for the second performance of our play, so the dressing room was in a state. COMPOUND

We were preparing for the second performance of our play; therefore, the dressing room was in a state.

The dressing room was in a state because we were preparing for the second performance of our play. ADV CL

The dressing room was in a state due to our preparation for the second performance of our play.

I was late because it was snowing.

I was late due to the snow.

2.      

Racks were scattered, and the racks were for costumes. POOR QUALITY

Rack for costumes were scattered POSSIBLE

Costume racks and makeup trays were scattered around the room. SIMPLE

3.     Nearly everyone was nervous as helpers were dressing cast members and applying their makeup.

4.     The female lead could not do something.

She could not get her wig to stay on properly.

The female lead could get her wig to stay on properly, and the male lead was having a tug-of-war with a pair of uncooperative suspenders that would not cooperate.

The female lead could get her wig to stay on properly; meanwhile, the male lead was having a tug-of-war with a pair of uncooperative suspenders.

EF6 adverb clause examples

after

The kids do their homework after supper. SIMPLE

The kids do their homework after they have supper. COMPLEX- ADV CL

SENTENCE VARIETY

since- time, reason

She feels bad since/because she lost the wallet. “because”

Since she lost the wallet, she feels bad.

I have lived here since 2012. SIMPLE

I have lived here since my family moved from my home country in 2012. COMPLEX- ADV CL

Since my family moved from my home country in 2012, I have lived here.

until

I am working until 9 PM. SIMPLE

I am working until the store closes at 9 PM. COMPLEX- ADV CL

while

I was making supper while my kids were playing.

when

I was making supper when the phone rang.

if

I will go to your party if she goes with me.

even if

I will go to your party even if she doesn’t want to go with me.

unless

I will go to your party unless I have to work.

if

I will go to your party if I don’t have to work.

though(casual)/although/even though

I study English even though it is a little bit hard for me.

We went for a picnic though it was chilly.

The kids went to the high school although they were intimidated by other students.

EF6 adjective clause exercises

A.

1.            Louis knows the woman (who is meeting us at the airport). SUBJECT PRONOUN

                The woman (who Louis knows) is meeting us at the airport. OBJECT PRONOUN

2.            The chair (that Sally inherited it from her grandmother) is an antique. OBJECT PRONOUN

                Sally inherited that antique chair from her grandmother. SIMPLE SENTENCE

                Sally inherited a chair (that/which is an antique) from her grandmother. SUBJECT PRONOUN

3.            The bench (that I sat on) was wet. OBJECT PRONOUN

                I sat on the bench (that was wet). SUBJECT PRONOUN

                I sat on a wet bench. SIMPLE SENTENCE

4.            The man (who I hired to paint my house) finished the job in four days. OBJECT PRONOUN

                I hired the man (who finished the job in four days) to paint my house. SUBJECT PRONOUN

5.            I miss seeing the old woman (who used to sell flowers on that street corner). SUBJECT PRON

                The old woman (who I miss seeing) used to sell flowers on that street corner. OBJECT PRONOUN

6.            An/The architect (who Mario works with) is brilliant. OBJECT PRONOUN

                Mario works with an/the architect who is brilliant. SUBJECT PRONOUN 

7.            Mary tutors students (who need extra help in geometry). SUBJECT PRONOUN

                The students (who Mary tutors) need extra help in geometry. OBJECT PRONOUN

8.            I took a picture of the rainbow (that appeared in the sky). SUBJECT PRONOUN

                The rainbow (that I took a picture of) appeared in the sky. OBJECT PRONOUN

EF6 Main and subordinate clause work

if you insist- subordinate clause

If you insist. frag

2.        If you insist, we will go to the movie.

We will go to the movie if you insist.

3.        whenever Heiman arrives

            Whenever Heiman arrives, we will start the conference.

We will start the conference whenever Heiman arrives.

4.        so that you’ll be ready

            You should study for the Math 11 test so that you’ll be ready.

5.        provided that it is blue

We will buy the car provided that/ if/ as long as it is blue.

We won’t buy the car unless it is blue.

7.        since you had the counselling

Since you had the counselling, you look more relaxed.

I hope you feel much better since you had the counselling.

9.        where Nolan was going

            Can you tell me where Nolan was going?

            Do you know where Nolan was going?

            I don’t know where Nolan was going.

            I hope that you can tell me where Nolan was going.

E10/ EF7

Sentence types- variety,

SIMPLE

SV

SSV

SVV

SSVV

S          V

COMPOUND

SV X SV

FANBOYS

SOBA ,so ,or ,but ,and

I was cold, so I put on a sweater.

She likes dogs but hates cats. SIMPLE

She likes dogs, but she hates cats. COMPOUND

; semicolon

TRANSITIONAL WORDS

however

therefore

also

nevertheless

on the other hand

to tell the truth

to sum up

The cat fell off the boat; amazingly, it swam two km to shore.

The cat fell off the boat. Amazingly, it swam two km to shore.

; however,

. However,

COMPLEX

ADVERB CLAUSE

because

if

when

although/ though/ even though

since

ever since

even though

even if

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

that

who

which

whom To whom it may concern,

subject pronouns

                         adj cl

The cat (that fell off the boat) swam to shore.

object pronouns

The cat (that she threw off the boat) swam to shore.

The cat (she threw off the boat) swam to shore.

NOUN CLAUSE

that

what

how

USE WITH VERBS

feel

think

believe

know

understand

say

I feel that the weather is getting colder.

She said that she was going to be 20 minutes late.

He doesn’t understand why the door won’t open.

Fred doesn’t know how he can to make supper.

E10/EF7 sentences

glass

She collects glass animals; particularly, she likes glass dogs.

The glass in the side window is broken; definitely, we should get that fixed.

Lisa can drink a glass of water; however, she can’t finish it quickly.

She bought a new glass, but it doesn’t look good.

She has a fancy stove; however, it broke.

She has a fancy stove. However, it broke.

He got a new pair of glasses; as a result, he could see better.

Our neighbour has a very high fence; comparatively, our fence is low.

I forgot to shut my window yesterday; moreover, I forgot to lock my door.

I forgot to shut my window yesterday; luckily, nobody broke in.

It is cloudy outside; however, it isn’t going to rain.

Generally speaking, most people like the beach, but I don’t.

by the same token

E10/EF7 SIMPLE AND COMPOUND SENTENCES

Expectations for written sentences in English 10/ EF7

Sentence writing- foundation

Good variety of sentence styles

SIMPLE      S+V, one main clause, one independent clause, complete idea, subject + predicate

“Our school is on Fraser Street.”

SSV

“His sister and brother play soccer.”

SVV

“We are sitting in class and studying.”

SSVVV

“The little kid and his dog play with ball, run around the park, and make noise.”

COMPOUND- 2 independent clauses, 2 main clauses

SV X SV

“He likes coffee.  She likes tea.” 2 simple

“He likes coffee, and she likes tea.”

SV ,and SV.

Coordinating conjunctions- FANBOYS

,for ,and ,nor ,but ,or ,yet ,so

“I am wearing a sweater, for it is cold.” NOT COMMONLY USED

“I didn’t go, yet she went.” LOW FREQUENCY

,so ,or ,but ,and HIGH FREQUENCY

                    

SOBA

“We want to do English 10, so please don’t cancel our class.”

, and

“She likes cats but doesn’t like dogs.” SIMPLE

“She likes cats, but she doesn’t like dogs.”

COMPOUND

TRANSITIONAL TERMS

therefore however nevertheless

also

“She likes cats, but she doesn’t like dogs.”

“She likes cats; however, she doesn’t like dogs.”

“We want to study English 10, so please don’t cancel our class.”

“We want to study English 10; therefore, please don’t cancel our class.”

“I like to ski, and I like to bike.”

“I like to ski; also, I like to bike.”

“You can come over, or I can pick you up.”

“You can come over; otherwise, I can pick you up.”

but= however

so= therefore

and= also

or= otherwise

E10/EF7 Examples of transitional terms

Examples of Transitional Terms

moreover= and, most importantly

She likes Vancouver because of the weather and the parks; moreover, she loves the Canucks.

She likes Vancouver because of the weather and the parks. Moreover, she loves the Canucks.

likewise= in a similar way, in the same way

I have two young kids; likewise, she has young kids.

She is a big fan of the Canucks. Likewise, he is a big supporter of the BC Lions.

She likes to run; as a rule, she'll run 10k every second day.

She likes to run; almost always, she'll run 10k every second day.

She likes to run; more often than not, she'll run 10k every second day.

She likes to run; sometimes, she'll run 10k every day.

She likes to run; once in a while, she'll run 10k every day.

She doesn't like to run; she'll seldom run 2k.

Your dog can do great tricks; comparatively, my dog is dumb.

Grade 4 math in China is very difficult; comparatively, Grade 4 math in BC is extremely simple.

We have a lot to do in this class; to begin with, we will review some sentence writing.